The viola clef is different from the very familiar treble clef, used for violin and most other high pitched instruments and voices, and from the bass clef, used for low pitched instruments and voices.
Music for viola is written in what is called "C clef", which means that it indicates the position of the note C on the pentagram (five lines).
In the viola case the C is on the central line, a beautifully symmetrical position. The C clef may be placed on any of the lines and in the past it was used in this way for the different singers' voices. The viola clef is a C clef placed right in the middle of the stave and was used for altos too, so its name is actually "alto clef".
Origin
The graphics itself originated from the letter C which in ancient times used to be written with a lot of curls typical of Italian handwriting style and that later has become what it is now.
The same thing is true for the other more famous clef, the treble clef, or G clef, which is very familiar to everybody, and the bass clef, or F clef.